Investigating how concentration affects rate of reaction Essay Example for Free

analyse how parsimony affects rove of reaction EssayThis means that you would need to use 200ml of the original 0. 01M solution with 50ml of distilled pee to invent 250ml of 0. 008M solution. Remember to funding all other solutions at a constant concentration throughout. Investigatthe same range of concentrations as was used for grand bromide, to ensure that a rate equation can easily be found. Making Required Solutions 0. 01M potassium bromate(V) KBrO3 K = 1 x 39. 1 = 39. 1 Br = 1 x 79. 9 = 79. 9 O3 = 3 x 16. 0 = 48. 0 RFM = 167 grams ask = (0. 01 x 167 x 250) 1000 = 0. 4175g dissolved in enough distilled irrigate to make 250ml of solution. 1M Sulphuric acerbic H2SO4 H2 = 2 x 1. 0 = 2 S = 1 x 32. 1 = 32. 1 O4 = 4 x 16. 0 = 64. 0 = 98. 1 grams needed = (1 x 98. 1 x 250) 1000 = 24. 525g dissolved in enough distilled water to make 250ml of solution. 0. 0001M phenol C6H5OH C = 6 x 12. 0 = 72. 0 H = 6 x 1. 0 = 6. 0 O = 1 x 16. 0 = 16. 0 = 94. 0 grams needed = (0. 0001 x 94 x 250) 1000 = 0. 00235g dissolved in enough distilled water to make 250ml of solution. 0. 01M potassium bromide KBr K = 1 x 39. 1 = 39. 1 Br = 1 x 79. 9 = 79. 9 = 119. 0 grams needed = (0. 01 x 119 x 250) 1000 = 0. 2975g dissolved in enough distilled water to make 250ml of solution.Risk Assessment (6) The following risk assessments atomic number 18 based on concentrated solutions of each gist. The concentrations I will be using are much more diluted that the solutions mentioned below to ensure that my experiment is safer. Although some of the acute hazards and symptoms associated with the concentrations I am using will not be as severe as those shown below, the risks are still very serious. For this reason I will still take appropriate precautions and will handle each substance with care. Potassium bromate(V) Type of hap Acute lucks/Symptoms Prevention of Hazard Solving Hazard Fire.Not combustible but enhances combustion of other substances. Gives off irritable or toxic fumes (o r gases) in a fire. No liaison with combustibles and cut down agents. Water in large amounts. Explosion Risk of fire and enlargement on contact with combustible substances and reducing agents. n/a In case of fire keep drums etc. cool by spraying with water. inhalant Cough. sensible throat. Breathing protection. Fresh air, rest. bushel for medical attention. Contact with clamber Redness. Protective gloves. primary sweep with plenty of water, wherefore remove contaminated enclothe and rinse again. revive for medical attention.Contact with eyes Redness. Pain. Safety goggles, or eye protection in combination with breathing protection if powder. low rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), thus take to a doctor. Ingestion Abdominal pain. Diarrhoea. Nausea. Vomiting. Do not eat, drink, or shutout during work. Wash hands before eating. Rinse mouth. Give a mixture of activated charcoal in water to drink. Induce vomiting if per son is conscious. Refer for medical attention. Spillage n/a n/a Sweep spilled substance into sealable containers if appropriate, moisten first to prevent dusting.Carefully collect remainder then remove to safe place. Do not absorb in sawdust or other combustible absorbents. retention n/a Separated from combustible and reducing substances, powdered metals and incompatible materials. See Chemical Dangers. n/a Sulphuric acid Type of Hazard Acute Hazards/Symptoms Prevention of Hazard Solving Hazard Fire Not combustible. Many reactions may stick fire or explosion. Gives off irritating or toxic gases in a fire. No contact with flammable substances. No contact with combustibles. No water. In case of fire in the surroundings powder, foam, carbon dioxide.Explosion Risk of fire and explosion on contact with bases, combustible substances, oxidants. n/a In case of fire keep drums etc. cool by spraying with water but no direct contact with water. Inhalation Corrosive. Burning sensation. Sore t hroat. Cough. Struggling to breathe. Shortness of breath. Ventilation or breathing protection. Fresh air, rest. Half-upright position. Artificial respiration may be needed. Refer for medical attention. Contact with skin Corrosive. Redness. Pain. Blisters. Serious skin burns. Protective gloves. Protective clothing. Remove contaminated clothes.Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower. Refer for medical attention. Contact with eyes Corrosive. Redness. Pain. Severe deep burns. Face shield or eye protection in combination with breathing protection. First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then take to a doctor. Ingestion Corrosive. Abdominal pain. Burning sensation. Shock or collapse. Do not eat, drink, or smoke during work. Rinse mouth. Do not induce vomiting. Refer for medical attention. Spillage n/a n/a Do not absorb in saw-dust or other combustible absorbents.Personal protection complete protective clothing including self-cont ained breathing apparatus. Do not let this chemical enter the environment. Storage n/a Separated from combustible and reducing substances, strong oxidants, strong bases, food and feedstuffs, incompatible materials. whitethorn be stored in stainless steel containers. Store in an area having corrosion resistant concrete floor. n/a Phenol Type of Hazard Acute Hazards/Symptoms Prevention of Hazard Solving Hazard Fire Combustible. No open flames. No contact with strong oxidants. Alcohol-resistant foam, powder, water spray, carbon dioxide.Explosion above 79i C explosive vapour/air mixtures may be formed. Above 79i C use a closed system, ventilation. In case of fire keep drums etc. cool by spraying with water. Inhalation Sore throat. Burning sensation. Cough. Dizziness. Headache. Nausea. Vomiting. Shortness of breath. Laboured breathing. Unconsciousness. Avoid inhalation of fine dust and mist. Ventilation or breathing protection. Fresh air, rest. Half-upright position. Refer for medical a ttention. Contact with skin Easily absorbed. Serious skin burns. Numbness. Convulsion. Collapse. Coma. Death. Protective gloves.Protective clothing. Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower. To remove substance use polyethylene glycol 300 or vegetable oil. Refer for medical attention. Wear protective gloves when administering first aid. Contact with eyes Pain. Redness. Permanent loss of vision. Severe deep burns. Face shield, or eye protection in combination with breathing protection. First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then take to a doctor. Ingestion Corrosive. Abdominal pain. Convulsions. Diarrhoea. Shock or collapse.Sore throat. Smoky, greenish-dark urine. Do not eat, drink, or smoke during work. Wash hands before eating. Rinse mouth. Give plenty of water to drink. Do not induce vomiting. Refer for medical attention. Spillage n/a n/a Sweep spilled substance into sealable containers if appr opriate, moisten first to prevent dusting. Carefully collect remainder then remove to safe place. Personal protection complete protective clothing including self-contained breathing apparatus. Do not let this chemical enter the environment. Storage n/a Separated from strong oxidants, food and feedstuffs.Keep in a well-ventilated room. n/a Potassium bromide The hazards for this substance are closely negligible, especially for the low concentrations that I will be using. However, protective goggles will still be worn to avoid contact with eyes, as this could cause irritation. This substance could also cause some discomfort if ingested, so I will take be very careful to ensure that this doesnt happen. Method for Investigating Temperature Change Extra Apparatus Reason For Use Size/ submerging Heating plate employ to heat the mixture to different temperatures during the reaction.n/a Beakers Used as a water bath to heat the mixtures evenly.500ml Boiling tubes Used to hold reacting mixtu re whilst it is heated up or cooled to the desired temperature. n/a shabu cubes Used to cool the water bath to temperatures below room temperature. n/a Thermometer Used to measure the temperature of the mixture so that it can be unplowed constant throughout the reaction. n/a Method 1. Set the apparatus up as was through with(p) in the experiment investigating concentration change. However, this beat use a heating plate rather than a magnetic stirrer so that temperature can be adjusted. 2.Mix 5cm3 of potassium bromate(V) solution, 5cm3 of sulphuric acid solution and 5cm3 of phenol solution in a boiling tube and add 4 drops of methyl orange indicator. 3. Add 5cm3 of potassium bromide to a separate boiling tube. 4. Fill a large beaker with water and place it on top of the heating plate and set it to the required temperature. To achieve cold temperatures put ice cubes into the beaker and monitor the temperature using a thermometer. Place the boiling tubes containing the correct solu tions in the water bath so that they are also heated or cooled to this temperature. 5. Mix the two solutions and start the stopwatch.Record the age taken for the solution to go colourless. Ensure that the temperature of the water is kept constant. This can be done by having a thermometer in the beaker. Although the higher temperatures should be easily maintained by the heating apparatus, lower temperatures must be kept constant by adding more ice cubes if required. 6. take on 5 times with each temperature to ensure accurate and fair results. Results With Respect to Potassium Bromate(V) The table below shows my results when varying the concentration of potassium bromate(V) Concentration of Potassium Bromate(V) (mol/dm-3).Time Take For the Mixture to Turn Colourless (seconds) tell 1 Repeat 2 Repeat 3 Repeat 4 Repeat 5 Average Reaction aim (seconds-1) Graph 1 on the next page shows the concentration of potassium bromate(V) plotted against the add up time taken for the solution to turn colourless.From this graph I can see that there is a negative correlation because as concentration is increased, the time taken for the solution to turn colourless decreases. However, this graph does not interpret enough information to work out the rate equation data for potassium bromate(V). For this, I had to redact up a graph of concentration against reaction rate. Reaction rate is worked out using the following equation Reaction Rate = 1 Time This is presented in Graph 2. Graph 2 has a line of best fit which is a straight diagonal line, rather than a curve.It also shows that there is a positive correlation between concentration and reaction rate, as when concentration of potassium bromate(V) is increased, reaction rate increases. I could draw the line of best through the origin at point (0,0) as I know that if the concentration is 0M then the reaction will not exit the reaction rate will be 0seconds-1 (this can be applied to all other graphs of concentration against rea ction rate that I have drawn). I decided to draw the majority of my graphs using a computer to plot the axes and points, and drawing the line or curve of best fit by hand.The computer can provide better accuracy than I can as far as drawing the axes and plotting the points is concerned. However, I believe that I can provide more accuracy when drawing the line or curve of best fit. My line of best fit suggests that the reaction, with respect to potassium bromate(V), is first order. This means that that rate equation so far is as follows Rate = kBrO3 Results With Respect to Potassium Bromide The table below shows my results when varying the concentration of potassium bromide Concentration of Potassium Bromide (mol/dm-3) Time Take For the Mixture to Turn Colourless (seconds) Repeat 1 Repeat 2.Repeat 3 Repeat 4 Repeat 5 Average Reaction Rate (seconds-1) The line of best fit is once again a straight diagonal one. This shows that there is again a positive correlation between concentratio n and reaction rate.